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The Peak Oil Report Buried in the Financial Crisis

Putting the Pieces to Peak Oil Together

By Keith Kohl
Monday, December 7th, 2009

It's easy to forget things.

In this particular case, the "thing" is an oil report overshadowed by the economic crisis. Had everything not hit the fan last year, I believe more people would have taken notice.

After all, it took $150/bbl oil prices and $4-5/gallon gasoline to get people's attention. Unfortunately, their memories were wiped as soon as pump prices came back down and oil prices crashed to $30 per barrel. 

However, a November report released last year by the International Energy Agency was grossly overlooked. The report painted a sobering picture for us... and it wasn't just a generalized warning that we need to get our act together.

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Putting the Pieces Together

Ask yourself, where does our oil come from?

Easy enough, right?

The answers you'll get from a quick survey of the public are indicative of how little people know about global oil production. Sure, Saudi Arabia will come to mind. They are one of the world's top oil producers — even if you overlook the fact that Ghawar will be little more than a wishing well for tourists in the future, considering how much seawater the Saudis are injecting into it.

Or perhaps you'll get a few responses naming Russia. After all, Russia recently surpassed the Saudis in crude production. In fact the last time I asked this question, an overwhelming number put Russia at the top of their list.

The interesting part — to me, at least — is that when I asked this question of my readers, everyone focused on production from individual countries like Russia or OPEC.

To a certain extent, they're all correct; truth be told, I probably would have answered similarly.

But after looking at the IEA oil report from last year, I'd be forced to change my response. And my [informed and accurate] answer is downright frightening...

More than one-quarter of our crude production comes from just 20 oilfields. Most of these massive oil fields were discovered about 50 years ago. Another 50% of global oil supply comes from about 110 other fields, with the remaining production produced by approximately 70,000 smaller fields. The natural rate of decline in fields past their peak was approximately 9%.

Of course, of those 20 largest oilfields, every one of them has passed their peak production.

If you really want an idea of what can happen to these oil fields, look no further than the once-mighty Cantarell field in Mexico.

Ignoring Cantarell's Lesson

I know this isn't the first time we've talked about Cantarell, but the lesson is too important to forget.

Discovered in 1976, the Cantarell field was the second largest oil producing field in the world at one point. In 2000, Pemex began injecting nitrogen into the field. Three years later, Cantarell was pumping out 2.1 million barrels per day.

Since then, the field has been in an out-of-control death spiral that nothing could stop. Production started to decline at a rate of 14% per year. Today, production has fallen to half a million barrels per day.

The consequences will be even more drastic: Approximately 90% of Mexico's electricity generation is dependent on fossil fuels. Recently, the country's energy minister announced its goal to have 26% of its power-generation come from renewable sources. That may be little more than wishful thinking. Revenue from Pemex accounts for 40% of the country's budget.

It's only a matter of time before Mexico becomes a net oil importer. If so much of their budget is dependent on oil, how can they possibly afford it?

So today, let me pose two questions to readers:

1. What do you think will happen to Mexico?

2. And what happens when those 20 oil fields suffer the same fate as Cantarell?

I'd love to hear your thoughts on the matter. Just click "Comment on/Rate this Article" below to leave your comment.

Those 20 oil fields pump out more than 19 million barrels per day. Once we lose them, can we honestly expect them to make up that production? Remember that some of those fields have been pumping for over 60 years.

Left Out in the Cold

The real losers from peak oil, however, won't be the state-run oil companies across the world...

Last Thursday, I told you that international oil companies like ExxonMobil and Shell are being threatened. And if we've learned anything from the past, it's that oil-rich countries are going to have a much tighter control over their oil assets.

After all, we've seen how easily these companies can lose everything. It doesn't matter how big the company is — their vulnerability is obvious. Whether it's Chavez nationalizing Venezuela's oil industry; Russia slamming down an iron fist on Shell's stake in the Sakhalin project; Iraq rejecting foreign oil bids... it's hard not to see where all this is headed.

Looking at how closely-guarded countries are becoming with their resources, those top oil stocks will continue to struggle.

If you're counting, national oil companies (an oil company owned fully or in the majority of the government) control about 95% of global oil reserves, and produce more than half of the world's oil supply.

Believe me, dear reader, it's only going to get tighter from here on out.

But in stark contrast to the tightening collar of the oil world, the green sector is opening up wider and wider — and the roof is about to blow off this next opportunity. The mineral rights for this tiny piece of Arctic tundra are up for grabs come January 1. One company stands to control this piece of land worth $273 million in rare earth metals. You can read all the details in this free bonus report.

Until next time,

Keith Kohl

Energy and Capital


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Comments:

Comment by Dan Pandolfo on 2009-12-07
Dear Sirs, I enjoy your articles and point of view about the oil business and other energy sources.

In regards to Mexico.....I think the U.S. better get that fence built sooner rather than later, once Mexico's oil runs out there will be even more poverty than there is now...which will eventually drive even more people into the Northern Tier of the U.S.
I doubt they will bother with getting proper immigration docs.

I live about in the middle of the Bakken Sanish formation....35 miles southeast of Estevan Sask Canada the activity we see here is astonishing....just yesterday I saw a rig drilling on an already occupied location...this site had a successful well established in May of 09 now they are drilling another hole 100 ft or so from the original...I can only assume that they are going for the Sanish as the other was a Bakken Horizontal I believe.

Again...I appreciate your news letter...my primary bus. is Beef Production but oil has always been of great interest.

Best Regards
Dan Pandolfo
Comment by jj daterman on 2009-12-07
A very informative and sobering article. Unfortunately most Americans are too awash in "reality" TV slop to see th picture. Makes me glad I am as old as I am and sorry I am not older still.
Comment by michael hepworth on 2009-12-07
Article was a little thin on specifics. I would have liked to have a link to the IEA report. Other than that, i liked the article,.
Comment by L.Luis on 2009-12-07
Seems to me every day you change from The large Balkan find that we have the largest find in US history to the Gloom & doom of todays stories. You seem to go with which way the wind blows. And not to say nothing about the hugh gas find in Louisiana!!!
Comment by william park on 2009-12-07
Mexico will begin to nationalize all foreign owned industries and foreign owned real estate within 5 years. The government is already losing the war with the drug dealers and will soon lose almost 50% of its gross revenues when Pemex can no longer pay. A good estimate is that half or more of the economy is operated outside the regulated and tax regime and this underground economy is growing much faster than the government revenues. The major mining companies pumping in billions to develope mines for gold, copper, silver, and other minerals will see dramatic increases in royalties which will amount to effective confiscation. Foreign owned real estate will begin to be taxed at higher and higher rates until payments become prohibitive. The government of Mexico, like governments everywhere , cares only about its survival and will need to capture all sources of private property revenues to continue.
Comment by Peter Hinton on 2009-12-07
It is my belief, and hope that great industrialised countries such as the US will develop and alternative to oil for vehicle propulsion. We know Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles will be starting to emerge in 5 years time. We need to develop this idea further.
By reducing the demand on oil we can extend the life of it in order to keep costs down and release dependency.

I used to work for a company which coined the phrase "What mankind can imagine, technology can deliver" We need to use our imagination and think the unthinkable in order to provide a future, hope and a better life for future generations.
Comment by Bob Schaffer on 2009-12-07
Do you have any information on the reported oil field strike in the Gulf Islands(in the Aleutian island chain off Alaska) a number of years ago? Is it truth, or is it just a fictitious story to sell a book? Does anyone really know? Someone does. It was reported that the govt. immediately had this oil field strike classified. Only the TRUTH is what I would like to know.
Comment by Richard Pertz on 2009-12-07
You ask: what will happen to Mexico. I ask: what will happen to the US when Mexico (currently our third largest trading partner and third largest oil source) becomes a chaotic, failed, narco-terror state which shares a 2000 mile border with the US? If (that is, when) Mexico loses its multi-front war against drug gangs and depletion, how will the US cope with the spillover?
Comment by JR on 2009-12-07
Wake up America!! We need energy and we need to reduce greenhouse gases. But lets not slag the huge importance of Canada's oil sands. Rather then dissing it as a dirty source (ie Al Gore), invest in making in cleaner. The oil sands will get produced. The demand and price will ensure that. Its only a question of whether Canada sells it to us, or China.
Comment by Matthew on 2009-12-07
I am a chemical engineer working in the gas industry in Australia. I have heard these figures before on which fields the World's oil comes from at Society of Petroleum Engineer (SPE) presentations.
On a supply vs. demand basis price will obviously go up, which makes the smaller more expensive to develop fields economic. I agree that this development may not keep up with the rate of decline.
I think that substitution is a large part of the answer. Bio fuels to a limited extent, electric vehicles, LNG fueled tracks (California and Australia), hydrogen (don't hold your breath as you know a lot comes from oil refining and ethylene production - go Lyondell!!) converting remote generation (esp. at Australian mines and remote towns) from diesel to gas and renewables, and syn fuels (coal to diesel - massive cost, but justifiable at sustained high oil prices). This is ignores public transport (esp. heavy and light electric rail), which is growing rapidly - Mr Buffett would agree given his purchase.
So, a lot of solutions but they require long term investment so prices have to stay high.
I also agree that ExxonMobil and Shell will be big losers because what they could have sold to the State Owned Oil Companies is services, but the majors have outsourced most of their knowledge to the Halliburtons of the World.
Comment by gepay on 2009-12-07
it is quite clear that the days of cheap easy to pump sweet crude are coming to an end. This is different than we are running out of oil. the science of abiotic oil sythesis makes sense to me - what kind of pile of organic matter can be found that could possibly have created the Ghowar field. it really doesn'tmatter a whole lot because the deep oil will be really expensive to extract.
You know and I know that there is a glut of available oil at the present moment. There is a glut of natural gas at the present moment. There was a glut when oil was at 150 dollars a barrel and there was when it was 30 and now that it is 70. That tells me the price is not determined by supply and demand.
We do live in a universe that has abundant energy. The problem is getting it to where we want to use it in a form that is handy such as gasoline for our motor vehicles - at a price we can afford.

it does make sense to me to use the cheap fossil fuel avaiable to us today to create the next energy sources we will need shortly. Funny how the priority seems to be to fight wars in oil important places or create record profits on Wall Street.
Comment by Chuck S on 2009-12-07
How could you completely ignore ANWR Alaska, Bakken, and offshore? They should be very obvious.
Comment by Chuck S on 2009-12-07
How could you completely ignore ANWR Alaska, Bakken, and offshore? They should be very obvious.
Comment by gary miller on 2009-12-07
Mexico: Actually there currently is a socio-political-economic revolution going on in Mexico. It has been going on since the late 1800s. Disease and famine face their undeducated masses. The USA could (maybe)accept 25-50mil more illegals, befor it dramatically collapses into a 3rd world copycat. Problem is USA does not have 2-4 genrations to assimulate this amount of new folks.

There is lots of oil all around the americas. It takes plannig and energy to extract it. USA doesn't seem too concern about it.
AT wil replace much of our 'lost' oil production. No one offically is developing submersible oil
drilling capacity.

Since the 1960s, AT funding has mostly gone to research grants machine . . . much like cancer and crime prevention. Churchill was right . . . 'The Americans will do the right thing . . . after they do everything else.'
Time and Energy are the two vital values americans lack a sense of.
The Asians have commented . . . Americans are Fat . . . Lazy and Stupid. Are we?

Comment by Jamie from Nova Scotia on 2009-12-08
It's an easy question????
Less disposable income means that
strength will revert to braun!
Comment by duffolonious on 2009-12-08
http://theoildrum.com has made a lot of hoopla over Cantarell. On top of what you mentioned, there is also the fact that most of Mexico's oil exports are to the USA.

As for what will happen with Mexico. There are a few different answers to this. They are raising taxes I hear, if they have collection issues, along with food/job riots - you can bet they'll become more and more like a police state, including using their army.

After all, this isn't New Zealand. Mexico already has a number of problems with drug lords and corruption.

I think it will be a least a few years before large areas of Mexico are essentially ungoverned. How bad is it currently with the drug cartels?
Comment by Edward Gilbert on 2009-12-08
It is still a question of cost! There are Oil Shales totalling a Trillion barrels. There are Gas Hydrates totalling Quadrillions of cubic feet. There is coal to probably quadrillions. etc. I am sure there are more. But they will not be available tomorrow unless expenditures are made today.
Comment by Ron Shook on 2009-12-08
Keith,

Frankly, I'm mystified. Is there an unorganized conspiracy to keep this dirty big secret a secret, because our leaders think we can't take it on top of everything else? Or is it buried in psychological denial and ignorance? I'm inclined to think that all of financial pirates must know, otherwise why the frantic often amoral efforts to feather their nests before the rest of us find out?

On the other hand I recently read Paul Krugman's book about the causes of this Great Recession, "The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008." I was flumoxed. I don't think that there was one mention of oil, let alone growing oil scarcity in the whole book. He puts it all on the backs of the Kings of the Universe, and bad economic policy with not even an inkling of the oil shock we experienced in '08. If a guy with that big a brain could be so clueless, I guess there must be a huge amount of ignorance in our leaders and opinion leaders.

I don't think that can last much longer. The second leg of the double whammy can't stay secret once the "recovery" is slammed back again and again by ever ubiquitous oil price run-ups.
Comment by Bubba Z on 2009-12-08
1. Mexico will collapse

2. The world will collapse

Have a nice day!
Comment by Realitychecker on 2009-12-08
It is often claimed that unconventional oil, example tar sands, shale oil etc., can make up the growing difference between future demand and declining conventional oil supplies. As David Strahan argues, this many not be possible due to the cost and complexity of producing unconventional oil, see link:

http://www.davidstrahan.com/blog/?p=408
Comment by Robert Masding on 2009-12-08
Looks like Mexico is heading for a situation similar to that which Cuba faced in 1990, when Russia collapsed and stopped supporting Castro with Oil and other essentials. See "The Power of Community" DVD.

Cuba pulled through, but the average Cuban lost 20lbs in weight over the ensuing 5 years!

Mexico is not Cuba however. From the news reports is seems that Mexico is already sliding into violent lawlessness, with endemic corruption and grinding poverty.

The brutalised, desparate citizens of Mexico will not be welcome anywhere.

The US military is the biggest single user of oil on the planet. They will not give up their power without a fight.

If the US$ collapses the price of oil will go skywards. If The British Pound collapses we

will not be able to pay for oil, or for the French to build us the nuclear power stations we need.

In short, if we fail to plan now, for a transition to renewable energy, then sudden oil

price spikes, supply hiatus etc., will further destabilise the economies of oil import dependent countries, further hindering the chance to plan a transition. A downward spiral will ensue.

Mexico is probably beyond redemption now. Their best chance to throw their hands up in the

air (Mexican wave?) and insist on becoming the 53rd (or whatever number it is next) state of the Union, part of the European Union, or selling their souls to China (best bet).

Cuba is a model for what will happen to us, and what we will be needing to do. I suggest we all take a closer look at what is happening in Cuba. And I me "WE", not government. All they will do is send in the troops to grab the last remaining oil fields for Uncle Sam, thus leaving the USA in the worst possible position! No oil, no friends and the rest of the world having made the transition without them!
Comment by Robert Masding on 2009-12-08
Looks like Mexico is heading for a situation similar to that which Cuba faced in 1990, when Russia collapsed and stopped supporting Castro with Oil and other essentials. See "The Power of Community" DVD.

Cuba pulled through, but the average Cuban lost 20lbs in weight over the ensuing 5 years!

Mexico is not Cuba however. From the news reports is seems that Mexico is already sliding into violent lawlessness, with endemic corruption and grinding poverty.

The brutalised, desparate citizens of Mexico will not be welcome anywhere.

The US military is the biggest single user of oil on the planet. They will not give up their power without a fight.

If the US$ collapses the price of oil will go skywards. If The British Pound collapses we

will not be able to pay for oil, or for the French to build us the nuclear power stations we need.

In short, if we fail to plan now, for a transition to renewable energy, then sudden oil

price spikes, supply hiatus etc., will further destabilise the economies of oil import dependent countries, further hindering the chance to plan a transition. A downward spiral will ensue.

Mexico is probably beyond redemption now. Their best chance to throw their hands up in the

air (Mexican wave?) and insist on becoming the 53rd (or whatever number it is next) state of the Union, part of the European Union, or selling their souls to China (best bet).

Cuba is a model for what will happen to us, and what we will be needing to do. I suggest we all take a closer look at what is happening in Cuba. And I me "WE", not government. All they will do is send in the troops to grab the last remaining oil fields for Uncle Sam, thus leaving the USA in the worst possible position! No oil, no friends and the rest of the world having made the transition without them!
Comment by ehswan on 2009-12-12
I saw an interesting global population graph that showed a gradually rising pop. to about 1 billion by 1800. Then the graph shoots nearly straight up. Not coincidentally that was when fossil fuels started to be widely used. It seems that a little less than 6 billion of us came into existance because of coal and oil. In a figurative sense, (distastful though it may be), most of us are made of fossil fuels!!!
Comment by bob on 2009-12-12
http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/ene_oil_con-energy-oil-consumption

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Energy_consumption.png

above are several graphic links to to some fun figures. (give or take a statistician or 2)

society at this point has some very limited choices to make and we're already seeing them being made.

the amount of infrastructure required to service current lifestyles alone, were oil to be removed from the energy loop due to price or restriction, would eclipse all monies for oil ever spent in it's lifetime of use (adjusted for inflation and including roads, commercial transportation, car companies, the local bus, my plastic underpants, etc).

here's the why:

the onboarding of 'green technology' is rampant in corporate culture, but ultimately selfserving and disingenuous.

take a moment and imagine every single person out there in the world, barring the top 1% of the population that would theoretically still buy gas at any price and the military as it has zero options otherwise, and put them on a bus or in an alternative fuel vehicle. how many vehicles would that be? 500 million? 1 billion? do we make them from scratch? or wait to recycle the metal in the cars first? how much energy is that going to take to shred, separate, reduce and render, recast or roll, shape and assemble? where's the energy going to come from to do all that? the local windmill? the experimental algae biofuel plant down the block? the brand new solar array recently placed in the neighborhood? and this is just the tip of the iceberg. add in fertilizers, that stuff that keeps the farms as productive as they are. then add in commercial shipping. think walmart will still exist if it can't ship cheaply from china? and if chinese made products become an expensive option, then where will all the consumer crap come from? the u.s.? it lost it's manufacturing sector a very long time ago. cars were the last thing to go and they've been gone for a while now, with few holdouts for strictly promotional sake (look! we make our fine car here!kinda, somewhat. <.< >.> ). oh, but then without the oil we might be shy of plastics too. that would be a bummer. no more badly laminated rubber disney character keychains....

the astounding implications become unfortunately obvious as in most systems with nonrenewable resources that are consumed by a mono culture with a sense of entitlement and 'we're doing god's work'. they die, quickly, and uncleanly, until a basic balance has been restored between ultimately available consumption (within arm's reach, whatever that may entail. if your ostrich can pull a cart then it helps.) and population.

just because we can articulate it, does not make us immune to it. ;p
Comment by Texas_Dave on 2009-12-12
For a couple of generations it has been the sheer abundance of energy, material wealth and quasi-socialistic redistribution of that wealth that makes America the richest (seeming) nation on earth. From the richest to the poorest, as our infrastructure expanded and became ever-more fossil-fuel dependent, American citizens, from the very bottom to the top, have taken for granted that there is always fuel, material supply, and somebody else's money available via Uncle Sugar to subsidize living needs. Such wealth cannot be measured from the top on down, but from the bottom up; we, the U.S.A. have the richest "poor" people in the entire world whose minimum standard of living is better than anybody else's.

But with PEAK OIL becoming an abrupt reality due to our globalized governments hiding the it from the majority of humanity, what will happen when this material abundance that lulls the lower classes into servitude and tranquil existence disappears forever?

The poor here already HATE their position in the social strata, minorities always expect MORE MORE MORE, the rich OWN D.C. and won't waste a crumb of their spoils if it won't benefit them in the longrun.....what I am describing here is a powder keg.

Prepare you children and families for self-defense....buy guns, ammo, training, off-the-grid and renewable energy-generating capacity, find out who your friends really are, and stock-up on food and tools. Get informed.

As fast as our oil-dependent society has grown and flourished it may also implode and we will be on our own. The rich will be able to HIRE protection, the poor will feel obliged to take all that which is not defended, the government will naturally gravitate to defending the assets of the rich and the politically connected.

Just get ready.
Comment by emaho on 2009-12-13
It's indisputable the world is heading for a huge energy shock. The huge explosion of commenting on this subject shows more and more people are becoming aware---and that's a good thing. However, few address the genesis of our dilemna, and that is that we in the USA are less than 5% of world population and still manage to consume nearly 30% of available energy, our military being the largest energy sucker.

It boils down to the lifestyle the USA has chosen, and the extent it is willing to go to to defend what is, indefensible. Until we are willing to modify this ridiculous lifestyle, we'll stay on the path that will lead to our justly deserved fate. Sad.
Comment by Yanto on 2010-01-19
As you say about the Saudi main field being well past it's peak output, there is the recent deal with Schlumberger to overhaul the field. This should make it last for another 10 years at least.
When I worked out there for Santa Fe in the mid 80s whenever there was a drilling rig free it was sent down to the empty quarter, down toward Yemen and it drilled yet another well that was capped ready for the day when the main field around Abqaiq ran low. Non of this future capacity was ever reported in the official reserves or has ever been used. Wells had been drilled and capped ready for future use for wellover 20 years so they have a lot of capacity yet.
While I was there they had low oil production which gave them low gas supply from the Gosp's for the power generation, which run's on gas, ran short to the point that whole areas were shut down. Their way out was to drill gas wells to overcome this shortage and these had phenominal pressure in excess of 5000 psi for some of them. So they have a lot to give yet before the religious nutters take over their country.
As a last note why cannot America convert gas to petrol products as the technology is well proven. This may be the way forward now especialy as you have shale gas and the major field in the gulf just announced.